When it comes to the exploration of politics and the nuances of governance, diving into political instability, the welfare state, the social policies to name a few, allows us to learn more and understand the classification of the Kingdoms as democracies and/or non-democracies. In the case of Norway and Thailand, a history of unique political landscape and complexity helps us address the varying degrees of practices applied towards strengthening or weakening these countries. Consequently, this blog post will discuss the key differences through the compare and contrast framework to get a better understanding of both the Kingdom of Norway and the Kingdom of Thailand. 

Norway: Land of the midnight sun

The Norwegian political system advocates for universal healthcare, free education and a robust welfare state. For a very long time, the Kingdom’s success has been attributed to its institutional framework. By prioritizing healthcare, Norway ensures a fulfilled life and a system that dedicates itself to preventive care and public initiatives. The focus on health promotion not only reduces the costs of the long run, creates autonomy but improves the citizens overall-well being. In order to ensure that the burden of universal healthcare is equally shared amongst the citizens of the Kingdom, the government funds it through taxation (Tax burden equals 38.6% of GDP.) It demonstrates the country’s long term commitment, despite the citizens socioeconomic status proves its determination to offer high-quality services and a place to create an improved life. However, social policies expand beyond healthcare. Norway social welfare programs, provides a safety net for individuals and reduces poverty rates – the 2023 economic index of freedom states that “the labor market lacks flexibility but the non salary cost of employment is not high. The latest inflation rate is 3.5%.” Amongst family support and unemployment benefits, there is a combination of prosperity and the fuel for solid foundation, investment in public services to continue maintaining the country’s strong economy. Furthermore, the country has been operating under a parliamentary system which simply means a system of democratic governance of a state where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the support of the legislature, typically a parliament, to which it is accountable. Consequently, enabling its citizens to exercise their rights all while benefiting from the legal options available. The country’s property rights have been above average (98.9) and the government integrity (96.2) Additionally, it is customary for citizens to participate in political processes, including voting and civil society organizations, which asserts their involvement in democratic practices. By valuing social inclusion and providing equal opportunities, it fosters a sense of community. Although the citizens of Norway uphold a wide range of benefits, it has only been made possible because of the government’s ability to take accountability and create a land of just and prosperous nation.

Thailand: Land of the Monarchy 

In contrast to Norway, Thailand’s political landscape has not been an epitome of democracy, but rather a complex struggle. Although it is a parliamentary (bi-cameral) democracy with constitutional monarchy. In Thailand’s brief article, it elaborates and says, “The institution of the monarchy in Thailand is in many ways unique. Not only does it have a history going back more than seven hundred years, but it has also managed to preserve its relevance in the contemporary world. A constitutional monarchy since the promulgation of the Kingdom’s first constitution in 1932, the institution today continues to command deep, universal respect and serves as a guiding light and unifying force for the country, a focal point that brings together people from all backgrounds and shades of political thought and gives them an intense awareness of being Thai.”

For years, the democratic governance has experienced a significant amount of challenges. The division among political factions have prolonged the political stalemates and the different cycles of unrest for the population. Although the Kingdom continues to exhibit some of the democratic elements, such as the establishment of a sitting elected government, the schemes of the non elected parties threaten the realization of the true democratic ideal and potential. For years, laws and regulations have constantly been implemented to limit criticism, leading to a shrinking space for political discourse. Additionally, the military coups (1947, 1948, 1957, 1971..) and the restrictions on freedoms and civil liberties impeded the growth of a vibrant nation. It obstructs effective governance and the lack of a broad based consensus adds on to the many challenges. 

While in Norway the rule of law creates an enjoyable leadership and protection through the law, in Thailand the rule of law is weak and the limited judicial independence raises questions about the fairness of legal proceedings. There is an existent lack of impartiality and because of the lack of accountability and fear mongering, military appointed governments are not subject to the same level of scrutiny. Therefore, the series of abuse perpetuates – the right to a peaceful assembly and the need for citizens to express their grievances has often been met with violence. The frequent use of excessive force and arrests are tactics used to suppress and discourage political mobilization. Although Thailand’s citizens face humongous intimidation and harassment for broadcasting against the unfair treatment of their human rights and a stiff climate, the country has made remarkable progress in economic development. From a low-income to a middle income Kingdom, Thailand’s economy grew to 7.5% and created opportunities for millions of citizens to get out of poverty. Children are able to gain an education and health insurance is now covered. In the world bank article, it asserts, “Thailand has made remarkable progress in reducing poverty from 58% in 1990 to 6.8% in 2020 driven by high growth rates and structural transformation.” 

Norway exemplifies a convergent, established and well-put democracy, while Thailand remains on the path to democratization struggling and welcoming both progress and setbacks. While both of these countries have their unique political systems and contexts, it is crucial to recognize the complexity and fragility of democratic systems. By acknowledging their differences, we can better analyze the importance of fostering and nurturing democratic institutions as well as the promotion of political participation, social policies, military establishment to say the least. The engagement with the multifaceted nature of democracy might just create an equitable world for both of our Kingdoms. 

Citations

1. “Norway.” Norway Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption, www.heritage.org/index/country/norway. Accessed 8 June 2023. 
2. “Category:Military Coups in Thailand.” Wikipedia, 15 Nov. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Military_coups_in_Thailand. 
3. “Overview.” World Bank, www.worldbank.org/en/country/thailand/overview. Accessed 8 June 2023. 
4. “”Thailand in Brief.” Thai Embassy Thailand in Brief Comments, thaiembdc.org/about-thailand/thailand-in-brief/. Accessed 8 June 2023.